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1. Healthcare / Life Sciences

Company	Core AI Models	Primary Inputs	What the Models Do	Why It’s Defensible
Tempus	Genomic + multimodal ML	DNA, RNA, pathology, outcomes	Drug response, survival prediction	Proprietary patient data
PathAI	CNNs for histopathology	Pathology images	Cancer detection, grading	FDA-cleared workflows
Viz.ai	Imaging ML	CT/MRI scans	Stroke, PE detection	Real-time clinical use
Guardant Health	Statistical genomics ML	Liquid biopsy	Cancer mutation detection	Regulatory + assay moat
Illumina	Bioinformatics ML	Sequencing data	Variant calling	Installed base

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2. Medical Imaging / Radiology

Company	Model Type	Input	Output
Aidoc	CNNs	CT scans	Acute findings
Zebra Medical Vision	CNNs	X-ray, CT	Disease screening
HeartFlow	Physics + ML	Cardiac CT	Blood flow modeling

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3. Biopharma / Drug Discovery

Company	Core AI	Input	Function
Recursion Pharmaceuticals	Computer vision + ML	Cell images	Drug target discovery
Insilico Medicine	Generative chemistry ML	Molecules	Drug design
Schrödinger	Physics-informed ML	Protein structures	Binding prediction
DeepMind	Structure prediction ML	Amino acid sequences	Protein folding

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4. Finance / Risk / Fraud (Non-LLM)

Company	Model Type	Core Use
FICO	Credit risk models	Lending decisions
Stripe	Fraud detection ML	Payments risk
Visa	Network anomaly ML	Fraud prevention
Zest AI	ML underwriting	Credit approval

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5. Autonomous Vehicles / Robotics

Company	Core AI	Input	Output
Waymo	Sensor fusion ML	LiDAR, cameras	Driving decisions
Tesla	Vision neural nets	Camera video	End-to-end driving
Boston Dynamics	Control + perception ML	Sensors	Motion planning
Cruise	Autonomous stack ML	Multi-sensor	Urban driving

6. Manufacturing / Industrial AI

Company	Model Type	Application
Siemens	Predictive ML	Equipment failure
GE Aerospace	Time-series ML	Engine health
C3.ai	Industrial ML	Asset optimization
Uptake	Predictive analytics	Maintenance

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7. Cybersecurity

Company	Core Models	Detects
CrowdStrike	Behavioral ML	Malware
Darktrace	Network anomaly ML	Intrusions
Palo Alto Networks	Threat detection ML	Zero-days

LLMs may explain alerts, but detection ≠ language.

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8. Retail / Recommendations / Ads

Company	Core AI	Purpose
Amazon	Recommendation ML	Purchases
Netflix	Personalization ML	Watch-time
Meta	Ranking models	Ads, feeds
Google	Auction ML	Ads pricing